/usr/gnu/bin

awk

basename

captoinfo

cat

chgrp

chmod

chown

chroot

cksum

clear

cmp

comm

cp

csplit

cut

date

dd

df

diff

diff3

diffmk

dirname

du

echo

egrep

env

eqn

expand

expr

factor

false

fgrep

find

fmt

fold

grep

grn

groups

head

hostid

id

indxbib

infocmp

infotocap

join

kill

link

ln

logname

ls

make

mkdir

mkfifo

mknod

mktemp

mv

ncurses5-config

neqn

nice

nl

nohup

nroff

od

paste

patch

pathchk

pic

pr

printf

pwd

refer

reset

rm

rmdir

sdiff

sed

sh

sleep

soelim

sort

split

stty

sum

sync

tail

tar

tee

test

tic

toe

touch

tput

tr

true

tset

tsort

tty

uname

unexpand

uniq

unlink

uptime

wc

which

who

whoami

xargs

yes

Let’s put it to work. tcpdrop solaris package is available for download from www.sunfreeware.com. Click one of the following links for Solaris 10 for x86 or SPARC.

tcpdrop (Solaris 10 – SPARC)

tcpdrop (Solaris 10 – x86)

Once downloaded unzip and install tcpdrop as follows:

# gunzip tcpdrop_solaris-20080516-sol10-x86-local.gz

# pkgadd -d tcpdrop_solaris-20080516-sol10-x86-local

The following packages are available:

1  SMCtcpdr     tcpdrop_solaris

(x86) 20080516

Select package(s) you wish to process (or ‘all’ to process

all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]:

Processing package instance <SMCtcpdr> from </root/tcpdrop_solaris-20080516-sol10-x86-local>

tcpdrop_solaris(x86) 20080516

Ceri Davies

Using </usr/local> as the package base directory.

## Processing package information.

## Processing system information.

2 package pathnames are already properly installed.

## Verifying disk space requirements.

## Checking for conflicts with packages already installed.

## Checking for setuid/setgid programs.

Installing tcpdrop_solaris as <SMCtcpdr>

## Installing part 1 of 1.

/usr/local/bin/tcpdrop

/usr/local/doc/tcpdrop/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE

/usr/local/doc/tcpdrop/README

/usr/local/man/man8/tcpdrop.8

[ verifying class <none> ]

Installation of <SMCtcpdr> was successful.

I’m testing on Solaris 10 9/10 (x86).

# cat /etc/release
Oracle Solaris 10 9/10 s10x_u9wos_14a X86
Copyright (c) 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Assembled 11 August 2010

I’ve established two ssh connections to the server.

# netstat -an|grep EST
192.168.1.66.22 192.168.1.65.49980 15872 51 49640 0 ESTABLISHED
192.168.1.66.22 192.168.1.65.50050 16640 0 49640 0 ESTABLISHED

Add /usr/local/bin to the PATH environment variable if it isn’t already there.

To drop a connection, the syntax for tcpdrop is

# tcpdrop <server address> <server listening port> <client address> <client source port>

In our case, to disconnect the 2nd connection,

# tcpdrop 192.168.1.66 22 192.168.1.65 50050
192.168.1.66:22 <-> 192.168.1.65:50050: dropped

where

192.168.1.66 is the local server IP

22 is the TCP port SSH server that we are listening for a connection

192.168.1.65 is the client IP

50050 is the source port of the clients ssh connection.

Let’s check netstat now:

# netstat -an|grep EST
192.168.1.66.22 192.168.1.65.49980 16896 67 49640 0 ESTABLISHED

There it is the connection is dropped!

Backup Server: 4.142.2.58: [0] The ‘shmget’ call failed with error number 22 (Invalid argument). Refer to your operating system documentation for further details.

To confirm, if maximum shared memory has been manually set,

# projects -l

user.asetest
projid : 101
comment: “Sybase ASE”
users  : (none)
groups : (none)
attribs: project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,4294967296,deny)

For instance, here we have set the Maximum Shared memory to 4GB to the user account which owns and runs the Sybase ASE. And, the last line “attribs: project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,4294967296,deny)” basically, sets the maximum shared memory for the user processes to 4GB (4294967296).

This is equivalent to doing

# cat /etc/projects

If something similar doesn’t exist then the ASE is using the system defaults.

In any case, we need to increase the Maximum Shared memory. In our case increasing it to 7GB fixed the problem.

To add a new Project entry,

# projadd -p 101 -U asetest -c “Sybase ASE” -K “max-shm-memory=(privileged,7GB,deny)” user.asetest

This would create a new project with ID 101, name user.asetest for user asetest and set the Maximum Shared Memory to 7GB.

To modify an existing Project entry,

# projmod -sK “project.max-shm-memory=(privileged,7GB,deny)” user.asetest

This should help!

-> reset /SP
Are you sure you want to reset /SP (y/n)? y
Performing hard reset on /SP failed
reset: No such inventory

or when you try to reset the ILOM password, you may get the error “Set: No such object value”
To resolve the problem, you can actually logon to the ILOM as the user “sunservice” with the password of the ILOM root user and then reboot the ILOM (equivalne to “reset /SP”) with the command “reboot” as follows. Clearly as you can see from this warning SUN doesn’t recommend it so use it at your own risk:

login as: sunservice
Using keyboard-interactive authentication.
Password:

Copyright 2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.

WARNING: The “sunservice” account is provided solely to allow
Sun Services to perform diagnosis and recovery tasks. Customer use of
the “sunservice” account may interfere with the correct operation of
ILOM and is not supported other than to perform recovery procedures as
documented by Sun Microsystems. Normal ILOM operations should always be
performed using the root account. Further usage of the “sunservice”
account implies your agreement with these terms.
[(flash)root@SERV-ILOM:~]# reboot
/sbin/reboot

Run the command

# ipmitool fru | grep “Product Serial”

where “FRU” is a Field Replaceable Unit. The problem here is it’s going to output too many serial numbers to confuse. The one we are interested is a 10 digit alpha-numeric number.

However, extending the command as

# ipmitool fru print |egrep “Mainboard|/SYS” | awk ‘{print $7}’
91)

Would give you the ID number of the “/SYS” or “Mainboard” (91 here) which mostly has the serial number of the system. We then run the “ipmitool” as follows with that ID number to find the system serial number.

# ipmitool fru print 91 |grep “Product Serial” | awk ‘{print $4}’

where “91″ was the ID number.

Installing Sybase Perl Module requires the following preinstalled

1. Sybase Server/Client already installed on your server
2. GNU Make

Install GNU Make

Assuming you have already installed Sybase Server/Client on your system, lets download and install GNU Make.

GNU Make package can be downloaded from sunfreeware.com website. At the time of writing, the version available for download is Make 3.81

Download GNU Make for Solaris 10 (SPARC)

Download Make for Solaris 10 (x86)

Unzip and Install GNU Make

From the directory where the file is downloaded

# gunzip make-3.81-sol10-x86-local.gz
# pkgadd -d make-3.81-sol10-x86-local

This should install “make” under /usr/local/bin

# which make
/usr/local/bin/make

Download Perl Modules from www.cpan.org. The modules we are interested in are

1. DBI (Database Independent Interface for Perl)

2. DBD::Sybase (Sybase database Driver for the DBI module)

NOTE: I find in Solaris 10 Update 6, DBI module is already installed which means we only need to install DBD::Sybase module.

To verify either of the modules is already installed on the system,

For DBI, file DBI.pm should exist under

x86

/usr/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.4/i86pc-solaris-64int/DBI.pm

SPARC

/usr/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4/sun4-solaris-64int/DBI.pm

For DBD::Sybase

x86

/usr/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4/i86pc-solaris-64int/DBD/Sybase.pm

SPARC

/usr/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4/sun4-solaris-64int/DBD/Sybase.pm

Now, assuming both these modules are not installed

Install Perl DBI Module

Download the DBI Module from here

From the download directory,

# gunzip DBI-1.609.tar.gz
# tar -xvf DBI-1.609.tar
# cd DBI-1.609

The above steps should (g)unzip, untar the downloaded source files.

Export $SYBASE & $LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variables. We have the Sybase client installed under

/opt/sybase/oc15.0-EBF16084/OCS-15_0

which means the libraries exist under

/opt/sybase/oc15.0-EBF16084/OCS-15_0/lib

# export SYBASE=/opt/sybase/oc15.0-EBF16084/OCS-15_0
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/sybase/oc15.0-EBF16084/OCS-15_0/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

If this step is skipped, the following error comes up in the next step:

Can’t find the lib directory under /export/home/sybase! at Makefile.PL line 118, <IN> line 44.

Now comes the tricky bit, use /usr/perl5/bin/perlgcc instead of default perl as follows:

# /usr/perl5/bin/perlgcc Makefile.PL

Let’s now compile and install using GNU Make from source directory

# /usr/local/bin/make
# /usr/local/bin/make test
# /usr/local/bin/make install

To make sure the install compelted successfully. Check if the DBI.pm file exists as shown earlier.

Install Perl DBD::Sybase module

Download DBD::Sybase perl module from here.

From the downloaded directory:

# gunzip DBD-Sybase-1.09.tar.gz
# tar -xvf DBD-Sybase-1.09.tar
# cd DBD-Sybase-1.09

The above should (g)unzip, untar the downloaded file and change into the source directory.

Export the $SYBASE & $LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variables if you have already not done so.

# export SYBASE=/opt/sybase/oc15.0-EBF16084/OCS-15_0
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/sybase/oc15.0-EBF16084/OCS-15_0/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Run perlgcc against the Makefile.PL as follows:

# /usr/perl5/bin/perlgcc Makefile.PL

Select the default CHAIN mode or modify as required, then enter the Sybase Server, a Sybase Username and password and a Database as and when promted. This will allow the installation test connection. Make sure this DB connection is updated in the Sybase “interfaces” file.

NOTE: Once the installation is completed. Either the PWD file created by this procedure or the entire Source directory should be deleted as the PWD file will contain these DB access details. Also, it is advisable to provide a test DB access detail rather than a live environment.

Let’s now compile and install using GNU Make from source directory

# /usr/local/bin/make

Now, re-export $SYBASE as follows:

# export SYBASE=/opt/sybase/oc15.0-EBF16084

[NOTE: This may vary in your environment]

# /usr/local/bin/make test
# /usr/local/bin/make install

This should install the Sybase Perl module. To confirm the installation was successful, look for Sybase.pm as explained earlier.

FATAL: system is not bootable, boot command is disabled

Don’t panic!!!

This error indicates that interrupted the boot process prematurely, most likely when the memory checks were run with “STOP + A” or a break from console.

To resolve this problem simply Power OFF and power ON the system. Alternatively, you can perform a “reset-all” from the OK prompt.

This should help!

dladm is the admin utility for Data-Link Interface which helps to display informarthe like Link Status (UP/DOWN), Speed, Duplex, MTU, VLAN Tagged and crucially statistics of network traffic on each of the interfaces historically as well as in real time. dladm can also configure and admin Link Aggregation on multiple NICs which we will not focus here.

Show Link Status/Speed/Duplex

# dladm show-dev
nxge0           link: down      speed: 0     Mbps       duplex: unknown
nxge1           link: down      speed: 0     Mbps       duplex: unknown
nxge2           link: up        speed: 1000  Mbps       duplex: full
nxge3           link: up        speed: 1000  Mbps       duplex: full

As you can see above the “show-dev” option lists all the network interfaces with Link Status (UP/DOWN), current speed in Mbps and Duplex (Half/Full)

Show Link Status

# dladm show-link
nxge0           type: non-vlan  mtu: 1500       device: nxge0
nxge1           type: non-vlan  mtu: 1500       device: nxge1
nxge2           type: non-vlan  mtu: 1500       device: nxge2
nxge3           type: non-vlan  mtu: 1500       device: nxge3

Here “show-link” option reveals the MTU and the VLAN tagging detail on each of the interfaces on the system.

Show Stats of all Interfaces for all time

# dladm show-dev -s
ipackets  rbytes         ierrors opackets        obytes      oerrors
nxge0           0         0           0       0         0           0
nxge1           0         0           0       0         0           0
nxge2           179625752557169463759657      581104982 3964684165410
nxge3           22240891  1834257868  0       5198483   395084708   0

The “-s” option along with “show-dev” or “show-link” displays network traffic statistics including Input/Output packets, input/output errors.

Stats in real-time

To show the stats of a particular interface in real-time use the “-i” option which is the interval in seconds. The first line shows again historic stats and later on the real-time information for every “n” seconds (5 seconds in our example)

# dladm show-link -s -i 5 nxge2
ipackets  rbytes         ierrors opackets        obytes      oerrors
nxge2           179637824757173944575957      581119516 3964706801670
ipackets  rbytes         ierrors opackets        obytes      oerrors
nxge2           961       319105             0       150       17874       0
ipackets  rbytes         ierrors opackets        obytes      oerrors
nxge2           887       263850             0       117       16505       0

If we fail to mention the interface then it takes the default interface (1st in the list). As you can see from the example below, we see stats for nxge0 which is not connected.

# dladm show-link -s -i 5
ipackets  rbytes         ierrors opackets        obytes      oerrors
nxge0           0         0           0       0         0           0
ipackets  rbytes         ierrors opackets        obytes      oerrors
nxge0           0         0           0       0         0           0

Display Serial Number

To simply display the serial number run sneep with no arguements

# sneep
0011223344

To display the serial number and its associated tag in the EEPROM and infact all stored Tag/Value pairs.

# sneep -T
“ChassisSerialNumber”   “0011223344″

Store Information in EEPROM

To store information into the EEPROM like the asset tag use the “-t” to set the tag name and the “-s” option to set its value as below:

# sneep -t “AssetTag” -s 001234

To display all information

# sneep -T
“AssetTag”  “001234″
“ChassisSerialNumber”   “0011223344″

Install Sneep

Sneep is not installed by default in Solaris. Click here to download the latest version of Sneep utility. (requires a sunsolve account)

Install as follows from the directory where the sneep package (SUNWsneep) is downloaded to:

# uncompress SUNWsneep2.6.tar.Z
# tar -xvf SUNWsneep2.6.tar
# pkgadd -d . SUNWsneep

To confirm the installation

# pkginfo -l SUNWsneep
PKGINST:  SUNWsneep
NAME:  Serial Number in EEPROM
CATEGORY:  service
ARCH:  sparc,i386
VERSION:  2.6
BASEDIR:  /opt/SUNWsneep
VENDOR:  Sun Microsystems, Inc.
DESC:  Persistent, software-accesible storage of Chassis Serial Number (CSN) across OS and application changes. Works on all Sun platforms. Can also store and retrieve arbitrary other values in EEPROM.
PSTAMP:  cvs-sustain-build20080930010154
INSTDATE:  Jun 04 2009 17:22
HOTLINE:  Support provided through normal Sun support channels
EMAIL:  sneep-support@sun.com
STATUS:  completely installed
FILES:       25 installed pathnames
5 directories
3 executables
1315 blocks used (approx)

If you didn’t accept to create a link file in /usr/sbin during the pkgadd, add a symbolic link as follows;

# ln -s /opt/SUNWsneep/bin/sneep .

To check the man page

# man -M /opt/SUNWsneep/man  sneep

For command help

# sneep -h

Save and retrieve Chassis Serial Number  ( CSN ) using EEPROM.

usage:

sneep [-aFhlTvVx] [-t tag] [-s setting ] [-P ds1:ds2...] \
[-d default] [-o separator]
setcsn -c serialnumber
showplatform -p csn

-h              This help message
For detailed information, consult the man page. Try
man -M /opt/SUNWsneep/man  sneep

The PCP script works on Solaris 10/9/8 and can be downloaded from here. Simply save the pcp.txt file to your Solaris Server as a Shell scripts (say pcp.sh) and change permissions to execute.

# chmod 755 pcp.sh

PIDs for TCP Port

Run PCP with “-p” option to show the PIDs of processes having a TCP port (say Port 22)

For instance, to find PIDs opening TCP port 22.

TCP Ports open by PIDs

Run PCP with “-P” option to show the TCP ports open by specific PID

For instance, here I try to find the TCP ports open by PID 18805

All PIDs for all open TCP Ports

Use the “-a” option to list all TCP ports open with all the PIDs